That entire chunking falling off issue has to do primarily on how the surface was prepped prior to painting. If the surface was prepared correctly and thoroughly then the paint should stick darn good.

Powder coating involves baking the paint into the metal. I dont think it can be done on composites.

Anodizing I beleive involves dipping the metal into an electrically charged paint/chemical?

Both ways are pretty darn expensive for big items like a mast, boom, spinnaker pole or crossbeams.