Per RRS 41.1(b), "if the boat caused injury or serious damage... her penalty shall be to retire". Therefore, if a boat breaks a rule and somone gets injured or a boat sustains serious damage, then either she retires, or gets disqualified by protest committee (assuming a protest).

If a boat wilfully breaks a rule, then she break rule 2 "Fair Sailing". Per RRS 2 "a disqualification under this rule shall not be excluded from the boat's series score.

If a competitor commits a gross breach of a rule, or sets out ahead of time to break a rule, then that (in my opinion) constitutes "gross misconduct" (see RRS 69.1(a)). The penalty may be (per RRS 69.2(c)(2)) "...excluding the competitor and, when appropriate, disqualifying a boat from a race or the remaining races or all races of the series..."

So, the rules already have a sliding scale of penalties for rule infractions without contact (or with contact but no injury nor significant damage), infractions with injury or serious damage, infractions with bad sportsmanship, and incidents of gross misconduct.

I hope that helps,
Eric